iWorx :: Links to Related Information and Teaching Resources

Links to Related Information and Teaching Resources

Web Links to Related Physiology Information and Teaching Resources

Current Categories:

APStracts

http://www.the-aps.org/publications/articles_in...
APStracts is an on-line periodic notice of current research scheduled to be published in the journals of the American Physiological Society. The abstracts published in APStracts are of articles that have been accepted for publication in APS journals.

Companies

Fogg System
Interface and adapter cables to connect reusable and disposable pressure transducers.

National Instruments

Scisense
A full line of pressure, pressure-volume and ECG sensors for any medical application.

Warner Instruments
Warner Instrument Corp. designs and manufactures biomedical products for electrophysiology and the neurosciences. Products include microelectrode amplifiers and voltage clamps, perfusion chambers for imaging and recording, perfusion heating systems, perfusion stepper, glass capillary tubing and microelectrode holders.

Journals

Journal Of Applied Physiology

New England Journal of Medicine

The Journal of Neuroscience

Organizations

FASEB
The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) is the largest coalition of life sciences societies in the United States.

National Institute of Health

Web Teaching Links from the June 2009 Newsletter: Compound Action Potentials

http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publication...
A concise fact sheet on the use, care, and handling of frogs and toads as experimental animals. The document includes an extensive bibliography of articles on these topics.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sciatica.html
An inflamed sciatic nerve is a very common cause of pain in humans. A number of links covering all aspects of human sciatic nerve anatomy and pathology can be found at this site.

http://www.unmc.edu/physiology/Mann/mann12.html
A short chapter on the properties of vertebrate compound action potentials. This chapter goes into some detail on the various types of fibers found in vertebrate peripheral nerves.

http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Concepts/Html/...
A short, clear video of the sciatic nerve dissection is available at Wellesley's website.

Archived Categories:

Brain
Cardiac Hemodynamics
Cellular Respiration
Digestion
Ear
Ecology

Education
Eye
Fitness
General Biology
Grants
Heart

Human Diving Reflex
Kidney
Miscellaneous
Muscles
Neuroscience
Oximetry

Photosynthesis
Reflexes
Respiratory
Sensory
Vascular

Brain

http://eeg.upmc.com/
Patient information guide from the University of Pittsburgh Medical which contains information on preparing for an EEG.

http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~Brainmd1/brain.html
Link to the Brain Model Tutorial.

http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~Brainmd1/public.html
Learn from the Public Domain is a site with numerous links to images and articles about the brain, including the Brain Model Tutorial.

http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/
Neuroscience tutorial from The Washington University School of Medicine that examines tissues, pathways, and functions in different sections of the brain.

http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/NEURANAT/...
Labeled human brain images from the Department of Pathology at the University of Utah with external views and sagittal, coronal, and transverse sections of the brain and the brain stem.

http://www.med.harvard.edu//AANLIB/home.html
The Whole Brain Atlas is a website with descriptions and images of the brain in normal and diseased states.

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/index.html
“The Secret Life of the Brain” available from PBS Online – WNET New York. Links to the history of studying the brain, the three-dimensional anatomy of the brain, mind illusions, brain scans, and presentations about the brain from infancy to the aged.

http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/science/html/animatio...
“How Drugs Work” available from PBS Online – WNET New York. Animations present normal neurotransmission and neurotransmission in the presence of alcohol, opiates, and cocaine.

Cardiac Hemodynamics

Beating Heart Cells
This page is a nice resource for cardiac electrophysiology but the Cells Alive site has lots of interesting pictures and movies on cells generally. There are photo micrographs and much material on microbiology as well as cell cycle

Renal Blood Flow - Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glomerular filtration rate and many other aspects of renal function explained. Some nice B&W graphics and drawings

The Human Circulatory System I
Here we have a collection of color images and background on the circulatory system as a whole. Information on atherosclerosis and the composition of blood as well as pulmonary aspects of circulation are well covered.

Cellular Respiration

http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitochondrion.html
Detailed animations of the reactions that take place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion during electron transport and ATP synthesis.

http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/anim/ATPmito.html
Another set of easy-to-understand animations and equations for electron transport and ATP synthesis in mitochondria from a site at the University of Connecticut.

http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/anim/ETS.html

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabol...
Easy-to-understand animation of electron transport, proton gradient development, and ATP synthesis in mitochondria from a site at St. Olaf College.

Krebs Cycle
From Kent State University, an interactive presentation of the Krebs Cycle.

Digestion

Endrocine System
Hundreds of color photo micrographs from every location in the digestive track. More of an anatomy or histology resource.

Ear

http://www.infj.ulst.ac.uk/~pnic/HumanEar/Andy's%20Stuff/...
Click the Reset button to view the animation of a working ear; slide the control to see how frequency affects movement of parts of the ear; and click on the labels to view information on the various parts of the ear. From a master's degree project.

Ecology

http://croptechnology.unl.edu/viewLesson.cgi?LessonID=109...
Web site from New Mexico State University with information about the process of water movement from plants known as transpiration, and how relative humidity controls the loss of water. An animation of the process is available on the site.

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/
Earthguide website from the CalSpace Program at the University of California San Diego that is an easy to use educational resource for information about the Earth, the oceans, and the environment.

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/
Reference section from earth observatory at NASA, with information about the oceans, land, atmosphere, and more.

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/CarbonCycle/carb...
The Carbon Cycle as presented by the earth observatory at NASA.

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mwater.html
Web site at the U.S. Geological Survey that contains information on the basic properties of water, the water cycle, water worldwide, water usage and more.

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/inde...
Instructional multimedia presentation from the Faculty of Science at the University of Alberta covering a variety of topics in science, including the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/
Facts about acid rain from Environment Canada.

http://www.enviroliteracy.org/index.php
Website of the Environmental Literacy Council with articles, illustrations, and animations covering many important topics in the field of air and climate, land, water, ecosystems, energy, food, and environment and society.

http://www.epa.gov/docs/acidrain/index.html
Information on acid rain from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/
Website at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that presents information about the quality standards of ground and drinking water in the United States.

http://www.eprida.com/eprida_flash.php4
Animation that follows the removal of carbon dioxide from the air and placement of it in topsoil during a new sustainable energy technology from the innovators at Eprida.

http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/271/main.html
Web page from the USA Today Health Encyclopedia that summarizes the causes, risk factors, symptoms, and treatments of hyperthermia.

http://www.howstuffworks.com/sweat.htm
Web site from How Stuff Works that provides a concise explanation of the process of evaporative cooling.

http://www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/
Web site at the U.S. Department of Agriculture that presents information about agriculture environmental management.

http://www.nodvin.net/snhu/SCI219/demos/Chapter_3/index.h...
Website listing the animations of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles from Environmental Science, Toward a Sustainable Future by Richard T. Wright.

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/elp/wxcalc/heatindex.html
Web page from the National Weather Service with a Heat Index calculator. Enter the air temperature and the percent of relative humidity, and the calculator will determine the temperature that it feels like to the body.

Education

Eye

http://schorlab.berkeley.edu/vilis/
A mini-course in three dimensional eye movement from the University of Western Ontario.

http://www.4colorvision.com/reading/saccades.htm
A module from a course in biological vision that covers the properties of saccades.

http://www.auto.ucl.ac.be/EYELAB/neurophysio/perception_a...
Good website that explains the mechanism of smooth pursuit in an easy-to-understand format.

http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/vi...
Professor Tim Jacob from the School of Biosciences at Cardiff University, UK, presents an excellent set of lecture notes for learning about vision and the eye.

http://www.eolas.ca/oculomtr/oculomot.htm
Animations and illustrations from the Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario that demonstrate the relationship between motion detection and eye movements.

http://www.med.uwo.ca/physpharm/courses/sensesweb/L11EyeM...
Animations of the different types of eye movement and the neural circuitry behind these movements presented in an entertaining fashion.

http://www.narcap.org/TheEyeandNightVision.htm
This article on the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena website is about the functionality of the eye in both light and dark situations.

http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20060527/bob9.asp
This two part scientific article examines the way light affects the eye and the brain.

http://www.vision3d.com/
This fun site contains information about vision, optical illusions, and many different visual exercises.

Fitness

American College of Sports Medicine
This website provides information on health and fitness, research in the field of sports medicine, and grant and research initiatives.

Civilian Health Promotion Program
This link to the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine and its "Targeting Fitness" program contains a section on commonly used fitness tests, test procedures, assessment charts, and evaluation forms.

Fluid and Electrolyte Supplementation for Exercise-Heart ...
This article reviews the importance of evaporative cooling in thermoregulation, and the importance of hydration on thermoregulation.

Frequent Ventricular Ectopy after Exercise as a Predictor...
Link to news article from the Healing Heart Foundation and abstract of article from the New England Journal of Medicine: "Frequent Ventricular Ectopy after Exercise as a Predictor of Death." The authors hypothesize that ventricular ectopy (7 or more premature heartbeats per minute) during the recovery phase is a better predictor of cardiac risk than ventricular ectopy during exercise.

Gatorade Sports Science Institute
Compendium of articles on exercise science, sports medicine, performance, nutrition, conditioning, psychology, and more.

Heart Rate Recovery Immediately After Exercise As A Predi...
Link to article in the New England Journal of Medicine: "Heart-Rate Recovery Immediately after Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality." The authors hypothesize that a delayed fall in the heart rate after exercise might be an important prognostic marker. Recovery of the heart rate after exercise is a function of vagal activity, and a decrease in vagal activity is known to be a cardiac risk factor.

http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/96/4/1393?ck=n...
Study of thermoregulation during rest and exercise in the cold by premenarcheal and menarcheal young women.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373050
Study of thermoregulation during exercise in the heat after the ingestion of stimulants caffeine and ephedrine.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=15...
The Effects of Aerobic Fitness on Resting Metabolic Rate; Broeder CE, Burrhus KA, Svanevik LS, Wilmore JH; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=15...
The Effects of Either High-Intensity Resistance or Endurance training on Resting Metabolic Rate; Broeder CE, Burrhus KA, Svanevik LS, Wilmore JH; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin.

http://www.obesityresearch.org/cgi/content/full/10/8/726
Differences in Resting Metabolic Rate between White and African-American Young Adults. Teresa A. Sharp, Melanie L. Bell, Gary K. Grunwald, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Stephen Sidney, Cora E. Lewis, Kim Tolan, and James O. Hill.

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid...
Study of thermoregulation in exercising men at different times of the day.

The Fitness Test List
This link to "Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing" provides a listing of health, agility, reaction, body position, and anthropometric tests in addition to a complete collection of endurance,strength, and flexibility tests.

General Biology

http://advan.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/260/6/S22.pdf
There are many advantages to using invertebrates in undergraduate physiology lab sequences. This paper reviews some of the advantages and offers some general suggestions for invertebrate physiology exercises. The bibliography contains references to many specific invertebrate physiology experiments.

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp00/00020....
This website provides 106 animations, including ones on active and passive transport, which accompany the text: Biology, The Science of Life, from W.H. Freeman and Co.

http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/annelids.htm
Web page at Bellarmine University with concise anatomical diagrams and pictures of segmented worms.

http://crayfish.byu.edu/
General crayfish information.

http://crayfish.byu.edu/crayfish_biology.htm
General crayfish information.

http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarjournal/33_1_2/V33_1_2Ques...
As one of the primary advantages to using invertebrates in physiology experiments is that they don’t experience pain in the sense that most vertebrates do, students may want to explore the biological basis of this distinction. This site provides valuable biological information about the perception of pain among invertebrates. It also includes a number of primary sources for further research.

http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab...
A good review of the structure and function of both smooth and striated muscle.

http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/roaches/america...
A page all about the American cockroach, including information about its distribution, biology, and a list of sources for further research.

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2123/2329862078_551d0eed72...
Still images of the dissected cockroach ventral nerve cord, and an instructional video illustrating the dissection of the nerve cord and the placement of an extracellular hook electrode to record ventral nerve cord activity.

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200111/ai...
A detailed source on the ontogeny of cardiac function in a range of crustacean species.

http://home.earthlink.net/~shalpine/anim/Life/memb.htm
This website, from W.H. Freeman and Co. and Sumanas Inc., provides a concise animation of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.

http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/203/18/2807.pdf
Three research papers on the specifics of crayfish gut structure, physiology and pharmacology. All three are fairly technical, but serve as excellent starting points for research into the biology of the crayfish digestive system.

http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/46/3/571.pdf
A very complete article from 1967 that presents experiments designed to learn about many properties of the ventral nerve cord of the leech.

http://jillium.nfshost.com/library/pain.htm
Additional biological information about the perception of pain among invertebrates and also includes a number of primary sources for further research.

http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/reprint/156/1/1.pdf

http://nelson.beckman.illinois.edu/courses/neuroethol/mod...
A short summary of the cockroach escape mechanism circuitry, including both the sensory and motor parts of the circuit, and how they communicate for effective escape behavior. Included is a schematic diagram of the escape circuit.

http://www.aa.psu.edu/biology/crayfish/
A well-illustrated crayfish dissection guide.

http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/kunkel/cockroach.html
The Cockroach Homepage. This page contains links to sources about many aspects of cockroach biology, including an entertaining Cockroach FAQ, and a thorough list of biologists who study cockroaches with links to lists of their publications.

http://www.biologyjunction.com/crayfish_dissection.htm
A well-illustrated guide to the dissection of live or prepared crayfish. A good overview of both external and internal crayfish anatomy.

http://www.bowdoin.edu/faculty/s/shauptma/videos.shtml
Still images of the dissected cockroach ventral nerve cord, and an instructional video illustrating the dissection of the nerve cord and the placement of an extracellular hook electrode to record ventral nerve cord activity.

http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/images/roach_guts_...
Still images of the dissected cockroach ventral nerve cord, and an instructional video illustrating the dissection of the nerve cord and the placement of an extracellular hook electrode to record ventral nerve cord activity.

http://www.funjournal.org/downloads/ramosetaljunes07.pdf
This paper includes a summary of a variant of the cercal sense organs experiment in addition to several other extracellular cockroach recordings that can be part of undergraduate neurophysiology labs. An excellent overview of the use of the cockroach in the neurophysiology teaching laboratory.

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/vlabs/neurophysiology/
A virtual neurophysiology lab from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute that is designed to teach students how to record potentials from a segmented nervous system.

http://www.kindermagic.com/TotallyBuggin/Cockroach_Dissec...
A virtual cockroach dissection, illustrated with many clear photographic illustrations.

http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/con...
A complete report on crayfish farming including information on the status of natural populations and the effects that long-term harvesting for food have had on wild crayfish numbers.

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/biological%20anamat...
This website, at St. Olaf College in Minnesota, contains many simple animations of biological processes including the variety of transport mechanisms used by membranes.

http://www.visualsunlimited.com/browse/vu315/vu315105.html
Interesting photomicrograph of the earthworm nervous system.

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/b...
This site reviews more general concepts of digestive system function and control. It focuses primarily on vertebrate, and more specifically, human, digestion.

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1...
This interactive website at Wisc-Online.com reviews the components, functions, and structure of a typical cell membrane and then allows users to construct their own membrane.

https://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/25292/1/47992Br...

Grants

http://www.aro.army.mil/research/index.htm
U.S. Department of Defense, Broad Agency Announcements

http://www.csrees.usda.gov/
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) and CSREES Funding Opportunities

http://www.csrees.usda.gov/fo/fundview.cfm?fonum=1060
1890 Institution Teaching and Research Capacity Building Grants Program

http://www.csrees.usda.gov/fo/fundview.cfm?fonum=1082
Higher Education Challenge Grants

http://www.csrees.usda.gov/fo/fundview.cfm?fonum=1131
Tribal Colleges Education Equity Grants Program

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/idues/index.html
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education-Programs Institutional Development and Undergraduate Education Service (IDUES)

http://www.ed.gov/programs/iduesaitcc/index.html
American Indian Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities

http://www.ed.gov/programs/iduesannh/index.html
Alaska Native and Hawaiian Serving Institutions

http://www.ed.gov/programs/idueshsi/index.html
Title V: Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program

http://www.ed.gov/programs/iduesmsi/index.html
Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program

http://www.ed.gov/programs/iduestitle3a/index.html
Title III Part A: Strengthening Institutions Program

http://www.ed.gov/programs/iduestitle3b/index.html
Title III Part B: Strengthening Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Heart

Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Subj...
This article details research undertaken to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in a large random sample of subjects without evidence of heart disease, and to estimate the relationship of heart rate behavior to age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors.

HeartLab
This site is part of the Medical Learning family of sites. It takes you on an extensive tour of heart sounds and their genesis in normal and abnormal cases.

HRV: An Indicator of Autonomic Function and Physiological...
Articles from the booklet "Science of the Heart" from the Institute of Heart Math with excellent explanations of the factors that affect HRV, the mathematical relationships used in the analysis, and the relationship between physical and psychological stress and heart health.

http://auscultation.com/
Advanced site for using heart sounds to determine diseases.

http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/58/2/...
Article from Circulation Research on the regulation of stroke volume during submaximal and maximal upright exercise in healthy men

http://medlineplus.gov/
Website known as Medline Plus, operated by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, contains a medical encyclopedia, dictionary, health topics, and drug information.

http://medlineplus.gov/
MedlinePlus website with information on over 700 health topics and medications, a medical encyclopedia, and a medical dictionary. Hyperventilation and its clinical implications are discussed here.

http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/ecg/inde...
The “Electrocardiogram Game” at the Nobel Prize website. Pick one of four virtual patients, place the electrodes, and record an ECG. Learn to interpret the ECG and make a diagnosis.

http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MYOCARD/M...
Website from the University of Utah, that presents images of various cardiac diseases and conditions.

http://www.biosbcc.net/doohan/sample/htm/COandMAPhtm.htm
Website for course in human physiology offered at Santa Barbara City College. The site provides an excellent summary of the mechanisms that control cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate.

http://www.bioscience.org/atlases/heart/
A website with recordings that correlate normal and abnormal ECGs with heart sounds and contains a very extensive list of sound bites from abnormal heart sounds.

http://www.blaufuss.org/
A website with interactive tutorials, with sound and animation, that covers ECGs and heart sounds including the physiological splitting of the second heart sound (S2).

http://www.cardionetics.com/docs/healthcr/ecg/arrhy/0204_...
Website presented by Cardionetics with information about bundle branch blocks and their effect on the transmission of electrical currents through heart tissue.

http://www.cinc.org/Proceedings/2007/pdf/0261.pdf
Paper comparing heart sounds and ECG for diagnostic purposes.

http://www.cvphysiology.com/index.html
The website for Richard Klanbunde’s text “Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts” covering the topics of arrhythmias, cardiac valve disease, coronary artery disease, edema, heart failure, hypertension, and peripheral artery disease. The Valsalva maneuver is explained here.

http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghome.html
A collection of electrocardiograms that are correlated to the coronary diseases they identify, including: blocks, ischemias, and arrhythmias.

http://www.echoincontext.com/basicEcho.asp
Website presented by the Duke University School of Medicine that is an introduction to heart muscle disease and diagnosis. Sections on hypertrophy, myopathy, tumors, and infarctions are presented.

http://www.familypractice.com/heartlab/heartlab.htm
This website has a cardiac auscultation simulator with recordings of S1 and S2 heart sounds from each of the four commonly used auscultation areas. The splitting of S2 into A2 (aortic) and P2 (pulmonic) sounds and S3 and S4 sounds are presented.

http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/transport/an...
Detailed animation of the mechanical and electrical events taking place in the cardiac cycle from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The animation includes tutorials on various segments of the cycle.

http://www.guidant.com/condition/
Information about diseases and treatments of heart and blood vessels, provided by Guidant for students, patients, and families.

http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/cyberheart/ekgqz...
Interactive quiz game for learning about heart sounds and the ECG.

http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/default.jsp.
HealthAtoZ” comprehensive family heath website that contains information on diseases and conditions and their management, medical tests, drugs, nutrition, and fitness. The Valsalva maneuver and its clinical application are discussed here.

http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=recor...
A biomathematical model of cardiac fitness, and the heart rate response to stress testing and its relationship to VO2.

http://www.jdaross.cwc.net/normal_heart_sounds.htm
Information on normal heart functioning.

http://www.medmovie.com/p_in_interactives.htm
A library of interactive animations and movies covering topics in all areas of anatomy and physiology from medmovie.com.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? db=pubmed&uid=1...
An article that discusses the effects of high intensity resistance or endurance training on resting metabolic rate.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=15...
An article that discusses the effects of aerobic fitness on resting metabolic rate.

http://www.skillstat.com/ECG_Sim_demo.html
“The Six Second ECG: Cardiac Rhythm Simulator” from SkillStat Learning that plays a collection of 25 different of cardiac rhythms in learning or game mode. The site includes tutorials for each recording that help the student learn the characteristics of each rhythm.

http://www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu/intro.html
A website known as The Auscultation Assistant contains sound bites and explanations of various heart sounds and murmurs; developed by a medical student to assist other medical students.

Second HRV Congress Materials
Link to the topics and articles of the virtual 2nd HRV Congress. Articles discuss HRV in physiological stress, pharmacological tests, pregnancy, the elderly, cardiac and non-cardiac pathology, sports medicine, circadian rhythms, sleep, and more.

The ECG Learning Center
This site offers indepth discussion of the electrocardiogram (ECG), its measurement, genesis and abnormalities.

The second HRV Congress - Education
Link to the educational resources of the "HRV Congress" and articles on the physiological basis of heart rate variability and methods for analyzing HRV. Links to other groups studying HRV and the function of the autonomic nervous system in HRV are listed.

Human Diving Reflex

Free Diving and Shallow Water Blackout
Article reviews the physics and the physiology of shallow water blackout (latent hypoxia), the conditions that cause it, the physiological changes that take place during it, and ways to prevent it. A good introduction to what is taking place physiologically during a shallow water dive.

Survival in Cold Water: Hypothermia Protection
An article that points out the risk factors, symptoms, treatments, and prevention methods for hypothermia. A conclusion is that the diving reflex improves survival, but only under certain conditions.

The Triggering of the Human Diving Response
This article concludes that the diving reflex can occur in a warm environment as long as there is a difference between the ambient air and water temperatures; cold stimulation is more effective on the upper part of the face; and while breathing, cold stimulation of extremities dominates over stimulation of the upper face and produces tachycardia, the opposite occurs in apnea.

Unraveling the Mammalian Diving Reflex (MDR) (Parts I & II)
An article from an online resource for divers that gives a good introduction to the physiological responses that are a part of the mammalian diving reflex and their importance in freediving.

Kidney

Kidney Physiology
From Cardif in the UK, a web-based guide to the kidney and its function as relates to first year Medical and Dental students.

Miscellaneous

BIODIDAC
From The University of Ottawa, this site contains a wealth of images, and other materials that can be copied and even modified provided that the BIODIDAC site is referenced.

http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/ap1int.htm
Links to numerous websites with interactive activities related to anatomy and physiology; compiled by the faculty and students at North Harris College in Texas USA.

http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/...
Virtual experiments in acid and base chemistry illustrating the pH levels of various household items using different tests and indicators.

http://www.bioeng.auckland.ac.nz/physiome/physiome_projec...
Click the links at the bottom of the page to open directories to other sites with colorful graphics of systems, organs, tissues, and cells. Compiled at The IUPS Physiome Project in The Bioengineering Institute at the University of Auckland.

http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm19104/chemtoons...
Link to a series of animations from the University of Guelph that explain the equilibria of aqueous solutions.

http://www.johnkyrk.com/pH.html
Animated pH Scale from the work of John Kryk.

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/...
Animation accompanying the second edition of Essential Chemistry that easily explains how buffers neutralize hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/anim...
This website, Interactive Concepts in Biochemistry from Jon Wiley and Sons, Inc., provides interactive animations and innovative tutorials for learning difficult biochemical processes.

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=NUR...
Presentation from Wisconsin Online courses in nursing that illustrate the purpose of acid /base balance in the body, and the causes and effects of acid/base imbalances.

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=NUR...
Another presentation from Wisconsin Online courses in nursing that illustrate the purpose of acid /base balance in the body, and the causes and effects of acid/base imbalances.

Interactive Frog Dissection
This site offers several full color movies of frog dissection with voice over.

Plant Biology
A very nice site that uses photo micrographs of a plant cell to allow students to explore sub-cellular organelles and plant cell structure.

Web HUMAN Physiology Simulation
HUMAN is a FORTRAN program that models the integrated physiology of the human organism in both health and disease. This version was written by Tom Coleman at The University of Mississippi Medical Center and has since been maintained and updated at Skidmore College. The model covers the major organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, endocrine, nervous and alimentary. With each iteration of the program, approximately 137 user accessible physiological variables are computed and updated. In running a simulation, the user may manipulate one or more parameters from a list of 67 alterable physiological, environmental and clinical factors.

Muscles

http://advan.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/260/6/S22.pdf
A paper published in 1991 in Advances in Physiology Education that discusses the many advantages of using invertebrates in undergraduate physiology labs. It contains many examples that illustrate the benefits to both students and educators. Despite being close to twenty years old, the message is timely and should be required reading for college instructors considering the use of invertebrates in the physiology lab.

http://extension.unh.edu/News/Mussels.htm
From the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension, a report on the increasing importance of the blue mussel in marine aquaculture. This site describes how mussels are farmed, what the market is, and the possible consequences to other marine species.

http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/jump.shtml
Website of the National Skeletal Muscle Research Center at the University of California, San Diego that covers muscle structure, metabolism, fiber types, and a lot more.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/muscle.htm
Website at How Stuff Works that with the information on the metabolism and physiology of muscles

http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/mytilus.html
A guide to the dissection of Mytilus for those interested in a more thorough exploration of the anatomy of bivalves. The guide takes a functional approach to anatomy and includes clearly drawn and labeled line illustrations. The guide also reviews the taxonomy of this group of molluscs and describes where the mussel fits into the family of bivalves.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joi...
Animations and information about the different types of joints in the body. One of many pages from the BBC that provides concise information and animations about the human body and mind.

http://www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.html
A comprehensive list of muscle movements in the human body. Each articulation has links to the list of muscles involved in each function, digital movies of the exercises that involve the listed muscles, and anatomical drawings of the muscles involved and their location in the body.

http://www.frontiernet.net/~imaging/gait_model.html
A three-dimensional interactive model of human gait based on motion capture video. The model includes displays of joint rotations during each phase of the subject’s movement.

http://www.kdwp.state.ks.us/news/Fishing/Aquatic-Nuisance...
A short account from the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks about the natural history of the zebra mussel, a fresh water mussel that has rapidly spread through the Great Lakes and the smaller lakes of the Midwest. A very destructive invasive species, this mussel has had detrimental effects on a surprising number of native aquatic species because of its very efficient filter feeding and uncontrolled reproduction.

http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/
Website at the University of Michigan that contains concise definitions and QuickTime movies of various types of muscle movements.

http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/#feet
Website at the University of Michigan that contains concise definitions and QuickTime movies of specialized foot movements like dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/b...
Website at Colorado State University that covers the control of the musculature involved in digestive function, including information on the enteric endocrine and nervous system, electrophysiology, and transit.

Neuroscience

Digital Anatomist
From The University of Washington, this site allows you to preview an online neuroanatomy atlas. Lots of MRIs photomicrographs and 3D images. The material contained on this site is part of a larger collection of anatomy tools available on CD from The University of Washington.

http://cercor.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/10/6/552
This article presents the results of a functional MRI study conducted as the subject performed a Stroop interference task with color and word stimuli. The study was conducted to identify the neural circuits involved in cognitive interference.

http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/91/1/1
The first article in a series by Zill and Moran in the Journal of Experimental Biology on the responses of campaniform sensilla to external and muscle-generated forces. Other articles in the series include the studies of campaniform sensilla activity during reflexes and walking.

http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/jump.shtml
Web site of the National Skeletal Muscle Research Center at the University of California, San Diego that covers muscle structure, metabolism, fiber types, and a lot more.

http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/
Neuroscience tutorial at The Washington University School of Medicine that includes information about the somatosensory pathways and proprioception needed for coordinated movement and balance.

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/...
Website with accurate information about mechanoreceptors. It contains to many links to other sites with information about facets of these sensors.

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/animate.html
List of ten animations of events that occur in nervous tissue from the text: Neurobiology - Molecules, Cells, and Synapses by Gary G. Matthews.

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/nmj.html
Animation of the events at the neuromuscular junction from the text: Neurobiology - Molecules, Cells, and Synapses by Gary G. Matthews.

http://www.crawdad.cornell.edu/
The Crawdad Project was a three-year program funded by the National Science Foundation to promote the use of invertebrates in undergraduate physiology and neuroscience courses. The program culminated with the development of a CD-ROM laboratory manual that covers motor innervation, neuroanatomy, sensory systems, ionic bases of resting and action potentials, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and central rhythms.

http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2405/is_3_127/...
This article discusses the relationship between cognition and emotion, and how Stroop interference can be greater in tests containing anxiety-related stimuli.

http://www.fpnotebook.com/NEU223.htm
This web page at Family Practice Notebook.com outlines the indications and interpretations of nerve conduction studies for a variety of diseases and conditions.

http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/003927.cfm
This web page from HealthCentral explains the significance of the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test, and provides links to information about diseases that affect NCV.

http://www.mdausa.org/disease/
This web page at the MDA provides information about the neuromuscular diseases included in MDA programs. This list includes: muscular dystrophies; motorneuron problems; inflammatory myopathies; diseases of the neuromuscular junction; metabolic diseases; and more.

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec06/ch095/ch095c.html
Web page on neuromuscular junction disorders from The Merck Manuals On-Line Medical Library. Links on this site also lead to all five on-line versions of the Merck medically related manuals.

http://www.neuron.yale.edu/neuron/
NEURON is a simulation environment for modeling individual neurons and networks of neurons. It provides tools for conveniently building and using models of neurons and networks that are numerically sound and computationally efficient. It is particularly well suited to problems that are closely linked to experimental data.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/exposure/stroopintro...
This site at NOVA Online provides insight into the Stroop test that mountain climbers undergo at high altitudes to insure that they are healthy enough to continue with their climb. A Stroop test is available for online testing.

http://www.teleemg.com/
The EMG Manual provides a simple approach for a better understanding of EMG and nerve conduction studies. Some of the relevant topics covered in the manual include: nerve conduction setups for various motor and sensory paths; pathological processes; and, disease characteristics.

Neuroscience for Kids
This site also from The University of Washington is targeted at kids. Nevertheless, it contains some good graphics and lots of online resources.

Virtual Hospital: The Human Brain
This page is a great resource for brain anatomy. It has many photos, diagrams and of course more links.

Oximetry

http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/73/6/2588
Web page at the Journal of Applied Physiology for article: ”Relationship between Arterial Oxygen Desaturation and Ventilation during Maximal Exercise”.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/lung.htm
Website at How Stuff Works - information on the anatomy and physiology of the lungs.

http://www.acsm.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=General_Public
Web page at the American College of Sports Medicine with links to public information on health, nutrition, exercises, including the proper use of exercise equipment.

http://www.as.ua.edu/ant/bindon/ant475/heatcold/thermo.htm
A review of factors involved in thermoregulation from a course in human adaptability at the University of Alabama.

http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2972.htm
Explanation of the variety of pulmonary function tests commonly performed and health conditions that they can identify.

http://www.lakesidepress.com/pulmonary/ABG/PO2.htm
A section from a textbook that explains the parameters of oxygen pressure, saturation, and content.

http://www.madsci.com/manu/indexgas.htm
Comprehensive information on blood gases, the physiology of gas exchange, lung functions, and acid-base balance

http://www.madsci.com/manu/indexgas.htm
Comprehensive information on blood gases, the physiology of gas exchange, lung functions, and acid-base balance.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003645.htm
National Library of Medicine website that provides comprehensive information about hemoglobin.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003645.htm
Page at Medline Plus on the National Library of Medicine website that provides comprehensive information about hemoglobin.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003855.htm
Background information and normal values for a typical blood gas analysis. Other pages at this website are readily available by going here.

http://www.nutristrategy.com/index.htm
Information on metabolic rates for varieties of exercise, nutrition, and fitness.

http://www.oximeter.org/pulseox/principles.htm
Information on the principles, history, clinical applications, limitations, and references for oximetry and co-oximetry.

http://www.oximetry.org/pulseox/principles.htm
A tutorial from the Oximetry.org that explains the technology behind pulse oximetry.

Photosynthesis

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073031216/student_...
Link to a chapter on photosynthesis at the McGraw-Hill Online Learning Center. Information is provided through animations, excellent illustrations, and narratives that are easily understood. Students can also test their knowledge with interactive quizzes.

http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/learn.h...
A very comprehensive site at the Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis at Arizona State University that provides excellent links to many additional websites which discuss topics related to photosynthesis.

http://www.ahpcc.unm.edu/~aroberts/main/photosyn.htm
Another website which provides links dedicated to four areas of interest: Photosystems 1 and II, the b6f complex, and ATP synthase.

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBook...
A website with a detailed explanation of photosynthesis in an easy to understand format.

http://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesis.html
Detailed animations of the light and dark reactions of photosynthsis that cover the changes in the structures of the substrates and products.

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/paper/gov.html#20
A link to a valuable and comprehensive article called "The Photosynthetic Process" that covers everything from the classification of photosynthetic organisms to global warming and green house gases.

http://www.msu.edu/~smithe44/calvin_cycle_process.htm
A website from Michigan State University that clearly diagrams the reactions of the Calvin Cycle.

http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb2/part1/d...
A website from course in Biochemistry at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute that provides detailed information about the reactions of the Calvin Cycle.

http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/c...
A website that contains a nice animation of the three phases of the Calvin Cycle

Reflexes

http://www.physpharm.fmd.uwo.ca/undergrad/medsweb/L7Spind...
A nicely animated website at the University of Western Ontario that easily explains muscle receptors, spindle reflexes, and muscles.

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/nonmajors...
Animation illustrating a simple reflex arc from the text Discover Biology by Cain et al; W.W. Norton and Co.

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1...
Website from Wisconsin On-Line that illustrates and animates a two neuron knee-jerk reflex; it also includes on-line quizzes on the topic.

Respiratory

Bronchoscopy
From the Virtual Hospital site, teaching files for respiratory anatomy and physiology.

http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/279/6/E1325
Determinants of the variability in respiratory exchange ratio at rest and during exercise in trained athletes.

http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/90/5/2324
This article shows that the kinetics of oxygen uptake, as measured by breath by breath techniques, are determined at the onset of exercise rather than at the peak of exercise.

http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/95/5/1901
This article shows that the peak VO2, as measured by breath by breath techniques, could be a valid index of maximum VO2.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/lung.htm
Website at "How Stuff Works" with information on the anatomy and physiology of the lungs.

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/5/941
Article on the factors that cause variation in basal metabolic rate: fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine.

http://www.bmi-calculator.net/bmr-calculator/
Simple BMR calculator that helps determine daily caloric needs using the Harris Benedict Equation.

http://www.cellphys.ubc.ca/undergrad_files/Ventilation.pdf

http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/102/1/147
This article presents a comparison of VO2 and VCO2 determinations in children by breath by breath and by Douglas bag techniques citing that there is no significant difference between the two methods.

http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/125/2/683
An article from the journal of the American College of Chest Physicians that provides a synopsis of the mechanisms, conditions, and clinical significance of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

http://www.spirxpert.com/welcome.htm
Website that provides a comprehensive introduction to spirometry and its importance in medical assessment.

http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~gross/bioed/webmodules/respirato...

www.nhlbi.nih.gov/
Gateway to educational materials designed for patients and health professionals regarding the health of the heart, the lungs, and blood for patients and health professionals.

www.pinniped.net/Snodgrassajpa2008.pdf
Article that explains the influence of basal metabolic rate on heart rate.

Sensory

http://www.bayareapainmedical.com/Animations.html
A great set of animations from a medical group that explains the activities taking place in different parts of the nervous system when pain is sensed. Other animations at this site illustrate some medical conditions in the skeletal system that causes pain.

http://www.hhmi.org/senses/
A report on sight, hearing and smell from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute that contains easy to read articles on these senses.

Vascular

Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity
"Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity, An Independent Marker of Cardiovascular Risk" in the ARCHIVES DES MALADIES DU COEUR ET DES VAISSEAUX,tome 95,n 12, Decembre 2002

Circulation
Link to the article "Improved Arterial Compliance by a Novel Advanced Glycation End-Product Crosslink Breaker" which discusses the effects of drug that breaks the crosslinks between collagen fibers in aging arteries, thus restoring vascular compliance.

Evaluation of Elasticity and Pulse Wave Velocity
Links to chapters in the text: "Self-mixing interferometry and its applications in noninvasive pulse detection," from the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Oulu University, Finland. Topics include pulse wave velocity as a measure of vascular elasticity and its relationship to autonomic regulation of heart rate.

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/36/6/952
Article from the Hypertension that defined the relationship between the digital (finger) volume pulse and the peripheral (arm) pressure pulse making it easier to determine arterial stiffness and reflection indices.

http://www.atcormedical.com/wave_reflection.html
Set of the most definitive animations demonstrating the effects of vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and arterial stiffness on the shape of the incident and reflected pulse wave

http://www.clinsci.org/cs/103/0379/1030379.pdf
Article from Clinical Science that explains the correlation between the index of arterial stiffness from the digital volume pulse and the standard measure of arterial stiffness, the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.

http://www.heartinfo.org/ms/nav/animation/main.html
Set of animations and illustrations from HeartInfo.org covering atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, sleep apnea, stents, bypass surgery and more.

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=NUR...
Presentations form Wisconsin Online courses in nursing that illustrate the purpose of acid /base balance in the body, and the causes and effects of acid/base imbalances.

Information Content of Arterial Blood Pressure Waveforms
Link to article posted at UC Davis on the information that can be obtained from an examination of the arterial blood pressure waveforms.

Pulse Velocity and Autonomic Regulation
Links to chapters in the text: "Self-mixing interferometry and its applications in noninvasive pulse detection," from the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Oulu University, Finland. Topics include pulse wave velocity as a measure of vascular elasticity and its relationship to autonomic regulation of heart rate.

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